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Immigrant employment across the European Union rose to a record high in 2025, narrowing the gap with native-born workers. The employment rate among immigrants increased to 68.2% in 2025, up from 67.8% in 2024, according to the study by the Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM) at RFBerlin.
The proportion of immigrants in employment has been rising for many years with outcomes moving closer to those of the native-born population.
The most significant improvement came from non-EU immigrants, whose employment rate increased by 6.6 percentage points between 2017 and 2025, rising from 59.4% to 66.0%. EU-born immigrants also benefited from 71.1% to 74.8%, while native-born employment rose from 67.2% to 71.6% over the same period.
The table below highlights the key employment findings from the study:
|
Metric |
2024 |
2025 |
Change |
|
Total Immigrant Employment Rate |
67.8% |
68.2% |
+0.4pp |
|
Non-EU Immigrant Employment Rate |
— |
66.0% |
+6.6pp (since 2017) |
|
EU Immigrant Employment Rate |
— |
74.8% |
+3.7pp (since 2017) |
|
Native-Born Employment Rate |
— |
71.6% |
+4.4pp (since 2017) |
Non-EU immigrant employment outcomes differ significantly across the EU, reflecting differences in labour market integration, language requirements, and national policy frameworks.
|
Highest Non-EU Immigrant Employment |
Lowest Non-EU Immigrant Employment |
|
Malta |
Belgium |
|
Czech Republic |
Finland |
|
Ireland |
— |
In Germany, the non-EU immigrant employment rate stood at 66.1% in 2025, compared with 79.6% among native-born workers, according to the study. Researchers noted that remaining gaps are concentrated among non-EU women and highly educated migrants, and that the focus is shifting toward ensuring immigrant skills are fully used in the labour market rather than simply securing employment.
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The employment rate among immigrants in the European Union reached a record 68.2% in 2025, up from 67.8% in 2024. This is according to a study by the Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM) at the ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin, based on Eurostat data.
Non-EU immigrant employment in the EU rose by 6.6 percentage points between 2017 and 2025, increasing from 59.4% to 66.0%. This was the largest improvement among all groups tracked in the study, significantly narrowing the employment gap with native-born workers.
Malta, the Czech Republic, and Ireland recorded the highest non-EU immigrant employment rates in the European Union in 2025, reflecting strong labour market integration for foreign-born workers.
Belgium and Finland recorded the lowest non-EU immigrant employment rates in 2025. The study suggests that language requirements, labour market structures, and national integration policies contribute to these differences.
Germany recorded a 66.1% employment rate for non-EU immigrants in 2025, compared to 79.6% among native-born workers. This highlights that employment gaps remain despite overall improvements in labour market integration.
The increase in immigrant employment is driven by persistent labour shortages across sectors such as healthcare, IT, construction, and hospitality, combined with improving integration policies and favourable labour market conditions across many EU member states.
According to the study, employment gaps continue to be concentrated among non-EU women and highly educated migrants. Researchers note that the challenge is increasingly about ensuring immigrants can work in jobs that match their qualifications and skills.
A record immigrant employment rate of 68.2% reflects strong demand for skilled professionals across the EU. Indian workers in sectors such as healthcare, engineering, IT, construction, and hospitality may benefit from expanding opportunities, although employment prospects vary by country and occupation.
Y-Axis provides comprehensive assistance for professionals planning to work in Europe, including eligibility assessment, country selection, job search guidance, documentation support, visa application assistance, and advice on pathways such as the EU Blue Card and country-specific skilled worker programs.
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Canada’s latest update provides greater clarity on its permanent residence admission targets for 2026 and 2027. While the levels plan sets the annual PR admission target at 380,000, this figure does not include admissions through two one-time initiatives for protected persons and in-Canada workers.
Together, the government plans up to 908,000 PR admissions over 2026 and 2027, averaging 454,000 admissions annually. By May 2026, Canada had already admitted 128,000 PRs, with one-time initiatives accounting for approximately 14.4% of the total.
The table below highlights the estimated Canada permanent residence (PR) approval across the upcoming 2 years:
|
Category |
2026 |
2027 |
Total for 2026–2027 |
|
Levels plan PR admissions |
3,80,000 |
3,80,000 |
7,60,000 |
|
Protected persons through one-time initiative |
Up to 46,000 |
Up to 69,000 |
Up to 115,000 |
|
In-Canada workers through one-time initiative |
Up to 20,000 |
Up to 13,000 |
Up to 33,000 |
|
Total planned PR admissions |
Up to 446,000 |
Up to 462,000 |
Up to 908,000 |
|
PRs admitted by May 2026 |
1,28,000 |
— |
— |
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Canada PR applicants from India must first identify the immigration pathway that best matches their profile. To apply for permanent residence in Canada you need to complete the required eligibility, documentation, and application steps.
The steps to apply for Canada PR for Indians are as follows:
Step 1: Check your eligibility by reviewing your age, education, work experience, language proficiency, funds, and other requirements to determine which Canada PR pathway may be suitable for you.
Step 2: Select the most suitable immigration program, such as Express Entry, Provincial Nominee Programs(PNPs), or other economic immigration pathways, based on your profile.
Step 3: Complete an approved English or French language test (IELTS, OET, etc) and obtain the required test results for your chosen immigration program.
Step 4: Obtain an Educational Credential Assessment (ECA) to verify that your foreign education is equivalent to Canadian standards.
Step 5: Create an online profile for the relevant immigration pathway and provide accurate information about your education, work experience, language skills, and other qualifications.
Step 6: Upon receiving an invitation to apply (ITAs), submit your complete permanent residence application along with the required documents and fees.
Step 7: Complete medical examinations, police clearance requirements(PCC), biometrics, requested by the Canadian immigration authorities.
Step 8: Once your PR application is approved, settle in Canada with a permanent residence status.
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Canada has set an annual target of 380,000 permanent residence admissions for both 2026 and 2027 under its levels plan. However, these figures do not include admissions through two one-time initiatives for protected persons and in-Canada workers. When these additional admissions are included, Canada’s total planned PR admissions for 2026 and 2027 could reach up to 908,000.
Canada plans to admit 380,000 permanent residents annually under the levels plan for both 2026 and 2027. In addition, up to 115,000 protected persons and 33,000 in-Canada workers could receive PR through two one-time initiatives. This brings the total planned PR admissions for 2026 and 2027 to up to 908,000, averaging 454,000 admissions annually.
Canada’s one-time initiatives provide additional permanent residence admissions for protected persons and certain in-Canada workers. These admissions are separate from the annual PR targets outlined in the levels plan. The government has planned up to 115,000 admissions for protected persons and 33,000 admissions for in-Canada workers over 2026 and 2027, increasing the overall number of planned PR admissions during this period.
Canada had admitted 128,000 permanent residents by May 2026, according to the government’s latest data. PR admissions through the one-time initiatives accounted for approximately 14.4% of the total admissions during this period. The government’s new webpage provides a monthly breakdown of admissions under the levels plan and the two one-time initiatives for greater transparency.
Canada could grant permanent residence to up to 115,000 protected persons through the one-time initiative over 2026 and 2027. By May 2026, 9,300 protected persons had already received PR, representing 20% of the annual target of 46,000 admissions. These admissions are separate from the annual levels plan target of 380,000 PR admissions.
Up to 33,000 in-Canada workers could receive permanent residence through the one-time initiative over 2026 and 2027. By May 2026, 9,100 in-Canada workers had received PR, representing 46% of the annual target of 20,000 admissions. These admissions are not included in the 380,000 annual PR admission target under the levels plan.
Canada’s planned PR admissions for 2026 and 2027 total up to 908,000. This includes 760,000 admissions under the levels plan, along with up to 115,000 protected persons and 33,000 in-Canada workers admitted through two one-time initiatives. The combined figure averages approximately 454,000 permanent residence admissions per year during the two-year period.
Eligible in-Canada workers may qualify for Canadian permanent residence through various immigration pathways, depending on their work experience, occupation, language ability, education, and other factors. Canada has also included additional PR admissions for in-Canada workers under a one-time initiative for 2026 and 2027. Applicants should assess their eligibility for the available PR pathways.
Canada closed the door to new Parents and Grandparents Program (PGP) PR sponsorship applications on July 15, 2026, with 50,900 applications already in inventory. Under the levels plan, PR admissions through the Parents and Grandparents Program are set at 15,000 annually for 2026, 2027, and 2028. Applicants should monitor future government announcements for any new intake updates.
To apply for Canadian permanent residence, first identify an immigration pathway that matches your profile and check its eligibility requirements. You may need to complete a language test, obtain an Educational Credential Assessment (ECA), create an immigration profile, and submit a PR application if invited. The required steps and documents vary depending on the immigration program you choose.
*Want to check your eligibility for Ontario PNP? Avail Y-Axis Immigration Points Calculator to assess your profile.
The Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program (OINP) has introduced a new scoring system for candidates seeking provincial nominations through the Ontario Workforce Priority Stream (OWPS). Under the new system, candidates can score up to 130 points based on factors such as their work location, occupation, salary, Ontario work experience, education, language proficiency, Canadian income history and temporary resident status.
The highest-ranking candidates will be prioritized for invitations to apply for a provincial nomination, which can lead to Canadian permanent residence (PR) through the Provincial Nominee Program(PNP). Ontario’s Expression of Interest (EOI) system is currently closed but is expected to reopen later this summer, after which the province is expected to conduct draws and invite eligible candidates to apply.
Ontario Workforce Priority Stream pathways are as follows:
The OWPS will offer three pathways for eligible foreign nationals:
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The Ontario Workforce Priority Stream (OWPS) will rank eligible candidates based on a comprehensive points-based system. Candidates can earn points for factors including their work location, occupation, salary, Ontario work experience, income history, education, language proficiency and temporary resident status. The highest-ranking candidates will receive priority for invitations to apply for a provincial nomination.
Candidates can earn points across the following factors, with a maximum score of 130 points:
|
Scoring Factor |
Criteria |
Points |
|
Work Region |
Northern Ontario |
15 |
|
Eastern Ontario, Central Ontario (outside GTA), Southwestern Ontario |
10 |
|
|
Outside Toronto, within GTA |
5 |
|
|
Toronto |
0 |
|
|
Occupation Skill Level (NOC TEER) |
TEER 0 or 1 |
9 |
|
TEER 2 or 3 |
6 |
|
|
TEER 4 or 5 |
0 |
|
|
Compensation |
$40/hour or more |
15 |
|
$35–$39.99/hour |
12 |
|
|
$30–$34.99/hour |
10 |
|
|
$25–$29.99/hour |
8 |
|
|
$20–$24.99/hour |
5 |
|
|
Less than $20/hour |
0 |
|
|
Occupational Category |
Health occupations |
10 |
|
Trades, transport and equipment operators |
8 |
|
|
Natural and applied sciences |
6 |
|
|
Legislative and senior management, business, education, law, social services, natural resources, manufacturing and utilities |
4 |
|
|
Art, culture, recreation, sport, sales and service |
2 |
|
|
Ontario Work Experience |
More than 24 months in the job offer position |
18 |
|
13–24 months in the job offer position |
15 |
|
|
6–12 months in the job offer position |
12 |
|
|
More than 24 months of other Ontario work experience |
12 |
|
|
13–24 months of other Ontario work experience |
9 |
|
|
6–12 months of other Ontario work experience |
6 |
|
|
Less than 6 months of other Ontario work experience |
0 |
|
|
Canadian Income Tax History |
$70,000 or more |
8 |
|
$50,000–$69,999 |
6 |
|
|
$30,000–$49,999 |
4 |
|
|
Less than $30,000 |
0 |
|
|
Highest Level of Education |
Doctorate or professional degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry |
10 |
|
Master’s degree |
8 |
|
|
University certificate or diploma above bachelor’s level |
6 |
|
|
Bachelor’s degree or equivalent |
6 |
|
|
Other eligible college, university or trade credentials |
5 |
|
|
Below college or trade certificate level |
0 |
|
|
Canadian Educational Credentials |
Two or more eligible post-secondary credentials |
10 |
|
One eligible post-secondary credential |
5 |
|
|
None |
0 |
|
|
Highest Official Language Proficiency |
CLB 9 or higher |
15 |
|
CLB 8 |
12 |
|
|
CLB 7 |
8 |
|
|
CLB 6 |
4 |
|
|
CLB 5 or lower |
0 |
|
|
Official Language Bilingualism |
CLB 6 or higher in both English and French |
10 |
|
CLB 6 or higher in one official language |
5 |
|
|
Temporary Resident Status |
Valid work permit |
10 |
|
Valid study permit |
5 |
|
|
Neither, but with legal immigration status |
0 |
|
|
Self-Employed Physician Work Experience |
24 months or more of cumulative medical practice in Ontario |
18 |
|
13–24 months |
15 |
|
|
6–12 months |
12 |
|
|
Less than 6 months |
0 |
*Are you looking for step-by-step assistance with Canada immigration? Contact Y-Axis, the world's No. 1 overseas immigration consultancy.
For recent Canadian immigration updates, check out the Y-Axis Canada Immigration News Page.
Ontario’s Workforce Priority Stream (OWPS) uses a points-based system to rank eligible candidates seeking a provincial nomination for Canadian permanent residence. Candidates can score up to 130 points based on factors such as their work region, occupation, salary, Ontario work experience, education, language proficiency, Canadian income history and temporary resident status. The highest-ranking candidates will receive priority for invitations to apply for provincial nomination.
Eligible candidates can score a maximum of 130 points under Ontario’s new Workforce Priority Stream scoring system. Points are awarded across several factors, including work location, occupation skill level, compensation, occupational category, Ontario work experience, income history, education, Canadian credentials, language proficiency, bilingualism and temporary resident status. Candidates with stronger qualifications across multiple factors may receive higher scores and improve their chances of being invited.
Northern Ontario offers the highest regional score under the OWPS, with eligible candidates receiving 15 points. Candidates working in Eastern Ontario, Central Ontario outside the Greater Toronto Area and Southwestern Ontario can receive 10 points. Those working outside Toronto within the GTA can receive 5 points, while candidates working in Toronto receive no points under the work region factor.
Candidates can receive up to 9 points based on their occupation’s NOC TEER category. The scoring is as follows:
Although TEER 4 and 5 occupations do not receive points under this factor, candidates may still qualify if they meet other eligibility requirements.
The hourly wage offered for the job can contribute up to 15 points to a candidate’s OWPS score. Candidates earning at least CAD 40 per hour receive the maximum 15 points. Those earning between CAD 35 and CAD 39.99 receive 12 points, while lower wage ranges receive progressively fewer points. Candidates earning less than CAD 20 per hour receive no points under the compensation factor.
Candidates can receive up to 18 points for Ontario work experience.
Additional eligible Ontario work experience may also earn points depending on the total duration.
Education can contribute up to 10 points to a candidate’s OWPS score.
Additional points may also be available for eligible Canadian post-secondary educational credentials.
Candidates can earn up to 15 points based on their highest official language proficiency in English or French. A minimum CLB 9 across all four language abilities receives the maximum points. Candidates can also earn up to 10 additional points for demonstrating proficiency in both English and French with at least CLB 6 in each language.
Yes. Candidates with a valid work permit can receive 10 points under the temporary resident status factor. Those holding a valid study permit can receive 5 points. Candidates without either permit may still qualify if they have legal immigration status in Canada, but they do not receive points under this factor.
Ontario’s Expression of Interest (EOI) system is currently closed. According to the Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program (OINP), the system is expected to reopen later in summer 2026. Once it reopens, eligible candidates can create or maintain an active EOI profile, after which Ontario is expected to conduct draws and invite the highest-ranking candidates to apply for provincial nomination under the Workforce Priority Stream.
*Want to work in the UK? Let Y-Axis assist you with the process.
The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) officially came into force on 15 July 2026, marking a major milestone in bilateral economic cooperation. While the agreement reduces tariffs on goods, it also introduces significant measures to strengthen services trade, professional mobility, and social security protections for Indian professionals seeking opportunities in the UK.
Under the agreement, eligible Indian professionals will benefit from more predictable temporary entry pathways, wider market access across key service sectors, and the framework for mutual recognition of professional qualifications. The accompanying Double Contributions Convention (DCC) also ensures that eligible workers on temporary assignments do not have to make social security contributions in both India and the UK simultaneously.
The major features of the latest India-UK CETA pact are as follows:
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The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is expected to create new opportunities for Indian professionals and service providers by improving market access, simplifying temporary mobility, and reducing financial burdens for eligible workers. The agreement also strengthens long-term collaboration between India and the UK across key service industries.
The major benefits of the India-UK CETA for Indian skilled workers are as follows:
*Are you looking for step-by-step assistance with UK immigration? Contact Y-Axis, the world’s No.1 overseas immigration consultancy!
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The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is a bilateral trade agreement that came into force on 15 July 2026. It aims to strengthen trade between India and the UK by improving market access for goods and services, facilitating professional mobility, encouraging recognition of qualifications, and reducing social security costs for eligible temporary workers. The agreement is expected to create new opportunities for Indian professionals and businesses.
The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement officially came into force on 15 July 2026. From this date, the provisions related to services trade, professional mobility, and the Double Contributions Convention began taking effect. The agreement marks a significant step in expanding economic cooperation and creating better employment and business opportunities between India and the United Kingdom.
The agreement is expected to benefit Indian professionals, service providers, businesses, and employers operating in sectors such as information technology, healthcare, education, financial services, engineering, consulting, and other professional services. Companies sending employees to the UK for temporary assignments may also benefit from simplified mobility provisions and reduced social security contribution requirements under the agreement.
The agreement establishes clearer and more predictable temporary entry rules for eligible categories such as business visitors, intra-corporate transferees, contractual service suppliers, and independent professionals. These provisions reduce uncertainty by providing transparent mobility rules, making it easier for eligible professionals to undertake short-term work assignments and deliver services in the UK.
The Double Contributions Convention (DCC) is an arrangement introduced alongside the India-UK CETA. It prevents eligible temporary workers and their employers from paying social security contributions in both India and the UK at the same time. This helps reduce employment costs while allowing workers to continue their social security coverage in their home country during qualifying temporary assignments.
The agreement encourages professional bodies in India and the UK to negotiate Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs). These agreements can allow eligible qualifications earned in one country to be recognized in the other. However, professional recognition is not automatic and will depend on future agreements between the relevant professional organizations in each sector.
The agreement expands market access across 12 major service sectors and 137 sub-sectors. These include information technology, healthcare, financial services, education, legal, accounting, engineering, consulting, and other professional services. The broader market access is expected to support increased exports of Indian services and strengthen collaboration between businesses in both countries.
No. The India-UK CETA does not eliminate UK visa requirements or create a new immigration visa. Eligible professionals must continue to meet the UK's immigration and visa requirements. The agreement mainly provides greater transparency for temporary mobility, improves market access for services, and supports smoother movement under existing eligible categories.
Indian businesses, particularly service providers, may benefit from easier access to the UK market, improved regulatory transparency, and more predictable movement of professionals. The agreement can help companies deliver cross-border projects more efficiently while reducing costs through the Double Contributions Convention for eligible employees on temporary overseas assignments.
According to government estimates, approximately 75,000 workers and more than 900 companies are expected to benefit from the Double Contributions Convention introduced alongside the agreement. The convention is projected to generate savings of over INR 4,000 crore by eliminating dual social security contributions for eligible temporary workers and their employers.
*Want to apply for a UK work visa? Let Y-Axis assist you with the process.
The India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which came into effect today, is set to strengthen temporary business mobility between India and the UK. While the agreement makes it easier for eligible professionals to travel for short-term business assignments, it does not introduce a new UK work visa or alter the country's existing immigration framework.
Indian nationals seeking employment in the UK must still qualify under existing visa routes, such as the UK Skilled Worker or Global Business Mobility (GBM) visas, and meet all current eligibility requirements. The agreement mainly benefits businesses and professionals involved in temporary cross-border assignments.
The FTA includes the following key provisions:
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The India-UK FTA provides greater certainty for Indian businesses and professionals undertaking temporary assignments in the UK. While it does not change the UK's immigration system, it expands access for certain categories of professionals and ensures continued availability of existing business mobility routes.
The benefits of the India-UK Free Trade Agreement for Indians are as follows:
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No. The India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) does not introduce a new UK work visa. Indian nationals must continue applying through existing visa routes, such as the Skilled Worker Visa or Global Business Mobility Visa, and meet all current eligibility requirements, including sponsorship, salary thresholds, and qualification criteria.
The FTA primarily benefits business visitors, intra-company transferees, graduate trainees, contractual service suppliers, independent professionals, and eligible chefs, yoga teachers, and classical musicians. It improves temporary business mobility rather than creating new long-term employment or settlement opportunities.
No. The India-UK FTA does not provide a pathway to permanent residency, indefinite leave to remain (ILR), or British citizenship. Applicants must continue following the UK's existing immigration laws and visa rules to qualify for long-term residence.
No. The agreement does not reduce salary thresholds, remove employer sponsorship requirements, or modify the eligibility criteria for the UK Skilled Worker Visa. All existing immigration rules continue to apply.
Business mobility refers to the temporary movement of professionals between India and the UK for business-related activities, such as client projects, consultations, negotiations, training, or intra-company transfers. It is intended for short-term assignments and not permanent employment.
The agreement introduces a combined annual quota of 1,800 visas for eligible chefs, yoga teachers, and classical musicians from India. These professionals can travel to the UK temporarily to provide services under qualifying contracts.
Yes. The FTA expands opportunities for eligible independent professionals working in specified sectors, including architecture and engineering. Applicants must satisfy the required educational qualifications, professional experience, and contract conditions.
No. The agreement does not provide visa-free travel for Indian citizens. Eligible professionals must still apply for the appropriate UK visa, pay applicable visa fees and immigration health surcharges, and comply with UK immigration regulations.
Yes. The agreement supports multinational companies by ensuring continued access to the UK's existing Global Business Mobility routes, allowing eligible senior managers, specialists, and graduate trainees to work temporarily in UK branches.
No. The UK government retains full authority over its immigration system. It can continue to revise visa rules, salary thresholds, sponsorship requirements, and other immigration policies independently, even after the implementation of the India-UK FTA.